Thermal expansion coefficients determine sensitivity and range Steps: - Sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer is the rise in liquid column per degree Celsius, proportional to the liquid's coefficient of volume expansion (β). - Ethanol has a higher β (≈1.12 × 10⁻³ °C⁻¹) than mercury (≈1.82 × 10⁻⁴ °C⁻¹), so for identical bulb volume and capillary cross-section, ethanol rises more per degree. - Range is the total temperature span the thermometer can measure before the liquid overflows the capillary or reaches phase limits. - With identical dimensions, higher β for ethanol means it fills the capillary over a smaller ΔT, and ethanol's lower boiling point (78°C) further limits the upper range compared to mercury (357°C boiling). Why A is correct: - Ethanol's greater β gives higher sensitivity (greater rise per °C), but smaller range due to quicker full expansion and lower boiling point, per the formula Δh = (β V ΔT)/A and practical phase constraints. Why the others are wrong: - B: Range is not greater; ethanol's is smaller due to expansion and boiling limits. - C: Sensitivity is not smaller; …