Specific heat capacity explains energy for temperature change

Steps:

• Thermal energy for temperature rise is Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is temperature change.
• For same m (1.0 kg) and ΔT (1°C), Q depends directly on c.
• Lower c means less Q needed.
• Copper's c (385 J/kg°C) is lower than water's (4186 J/kg°C), so less energy for copper.

Why B is correct:

• Specific heat capacity is energy per unit mass per degree change; lower value for copper means less energy required, per Q = mcΔT.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Melting point relates to phase change, not temperature rise in solid state.
• C: Specific latent heat is for phase changes, irrelevant to temperature increase without melting.
• D: Conductivity affects heat transfer speed, not total energy to raise temperature.

Final answer: B