Force alters motion and deformation, not mass

Steps:

• Recall Newton's second law: force changes velocity via F = ma, assuming constant mass.
• Note force causes deformation, altering shape (e.g., bending) and volume (e.g., compression).
• Identify mass as invariant; no force changes an object's mass in classical mechanics.
• Eliminate options with mass; select the one without it.

Why D is correct:

• Newton's laws and material properties show force changes velocity (acceleration), shape (stress/strain), and volume (pressure), per F = ma and Hooke's law.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Mass cannot be changed by force.
• B: Mass cannot be changed by force.
• C: Mass cannot be changed by force.

Final answer: D