Charging by Induction

Steps:

• Positive rod repels electrons in sphere, inducing negative charge on near side and positive on far side.
• Earthing connects far side to ground, allowing electrons to flow from earth to neutralize positive charges, leaving sphere negatively charged overall.
• Removing earth connection traps the negative charge on the insulated sphere.
• Removing rod allows negative charge to redistribute evenly, but sphere remains negatively charged.

Why C is correct:

• Diagram C shows uniform negative charge, matching the induction process where earthing leaves net negative charge per electrostatic induction principles.

Why the others are wrong:

• A shows positive charge, incorrect as induction with positive rod and earthing yields negative charge.
• B shows neutral sphere, incorrect as earthing during induction transfers charge imbalance.
• D shows uneven or opposite charge distribution, incorrect as charge evens out after rod removal without reversing sign.

Final answer: C