Electrostatic Induction with Earthing

Steps:

• Positive rod near insulated sphere induces negative charges on the near side and positive on the far side via electrostatic induction.
• Earthing connects the sphere to ground, allowing electrons to flow from earth to the sphere, neutralizing the induced positive charges and leaving net negative charge.
• Removing the earth connection traps the net negative charge on the insulated sphere.
• Removing the rod allows charges to redistribute uniformly, but the net negative charge remains.

Why C is correct:

• C shows a sphere with uniform net negative charge, consistent with charge conservation after induction and earthing (electrons from ground permanently add to the sphere).

Why the others are wrong:

• A shows neutral sphere, ignoring the net charge gained from earthing.
• B shows net positive charge, which contradicts electron flow from ground to neutralize positives.
• D shows uneven charge distribution, but charges equalize after rod removal.

Final answer: C