Temperature rise links to internal energy change

Steps:

• Temperature measures average kinetic energy of particles in a body.
• Increasing temperature by 1°C raises the average kinetic energy.
• This kinetic energy contributes to the body's total internal energy.
• Thus, internal energy increases proportionally with temperature for constant volume or pressure.

Why B is correct:

• Internal energy U is the total energy of particles; from the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W, but for no work or heat addition specified, temperature rise directly increases U via kinetic energy.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Heat capacity is a material property (C = m c) that remains constant regardless of temperature change.
• C: Specific heat capacity is an intrinsic property defining heat needed per unit mass per degree, unchanged by temperature.
• D: Specific latent heat is energy for phase changes without temperature rise, irrelevant here.

Final answer: B