Mass determines amount of matter and inertia

Steps:

• Mass of P exceeds mass of Q, as stated.
• Mass quantifies the amount of matter in an object.
• Resistance to change of motion defines inertia, proportional to mass.
• Thus, P has more matter and greater inertia than Q.

Why A is correct:

• Inertia equals mass (Newton's first law); P's greater mass means greater matter and resistance to motion change.

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Q has less mass, so less matter and resistance, not greater.
• C: P has greater matter, but Q has less resistance due to lower mass.
• D: Q has neither greater matter nor greater resistance.

Final answer: A