Solar panels produce DC electricity directly via photovoltaic effect

Steps:

• Identify that most power stations convert mechanical energy to electricity using AC generators.
• Recall geothermal stations use steam turbines linked to AC generators for alternating current.
• Note solar panels generate electricity through light absorption in photovoltaic cells, producing direct current.
• Confirm wave and wind systems drive turbines connected to AC generators for power output.

Why B is correct:

• Solar panels rely on the photovoltaic effect, where photons excite electrons in semiconductors to create DC voltage, bypassing AC generators.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Geothermal power stations use steam to spin turbines coupled with AC generators.
• C: Wave-energy generators convert wave motion into mechanical energy that drives AC generators.
• D: Wind turbines rotate blades to turn AC generators via electromagnetic induction.

Final answer: B