Bulb volume determines expansion, sensitivity, and range in identical capillary thermometers Steps: - Identical liquids and setup imply same expansion coefficient γ; different volume increases for same ΔT mean X has larger bulb volume V_bulb than Y. - Volume expansion ΔV = V_bulb × γ × ΔT is larger in X due to larger V_bulb. - Height rise h = ΔV / A (A = capillary area, identical) is larger in X per ΔT, so X shows greater scale deflection and is more sensitive. - Total range ΔT_max = (stem volume capacity) / (V_bulb × γ) is smaller for larger V_bulb in X, so Y has larger range. Why C is correct: - Matches X's larger ΔV to higher sensitivity (greater h per ΔT) and Y's smaller ΔV to larger range via inverse relation in ΔT_max formula. Why the others are wrong: - A: Assigns larger range to X, but larger V_bulb reduces range. - B: Assigns higher sensitivity to Y, but smaller ΔV yields smaller h per ΔT. - D: Assigns higher sensitivity to Y (wrong, as above) and …