HDI Components Exclude Inequality

Steps:

• Recall HDI formula: average of indices for health, education, and income.
• Identify health dimension: uses life expectancy at birth.
• Identify education dimension: combines mean and expected years of schooling.
• Identify income dimension: uses gross national income per capita.

Why A is correct:

• HDI calculation, per UNDP definition, measures life expectancy, education, and GNI per capita without adjusting for inequality; inequality is addressed separately in the Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI).

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Life expectancy forms the health index in HDI.
• C: Gross national income per capita measures the standard of living index in HDI.
• D: Years of schooling contributes to the education index in HDI.

Final answer: A