Population Pyramid Shape Indicates High Birth and High Death Rates

Steps:

• Identify pyramid shape: broad base (many young people) narrowing sharply to few elderly.
• Link broad base to high birth rate, producing many births annually.
• Link narrow top to high death rate, causing high mortality before old age.
• Match to options: only high birth with high death fits this unstable, pre-transition demographic.

Why D is correct:

• High birth and high death rates create an expansive pyramid with a wide base from frequent births and rapid narrowing from early deaths, per demographic transition theory stage 1.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Low birth narrows base, not broadening it.
• B: Low death widens middle/older ages, creating less sharp narrowing.
• C: Low birth and death produce a rectangular, stationary shape.

Final answer: D