Births outweighed by deaths despite migration stability

Steps:

• Population change = (births - deaths) + net migration.
• Increased birth rate raises births, pushing for population growth.
• For overall decrease, deaths or net out-migration must exceed this gain.
• Option C fits: higher deaths offset births with zero net migration.

Why C is correct:

• The population growth formula shows that a rising death rate, with unchanged net migration, can make deaths exceed births, causing net decline.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Falling infant mortality lowers the death rate (contradicting "no change"), adding to birth-driven growth.
• B: Rising net immigration inflows compound the population increase from higher births.
• D: Falling death rate cuts deaths, reinforcing growth from births and stable migration.

Final answer: C